levirate marriage

левиратный брак (обычай требующий чтобы мужчина женился на вдове своего брата если он умер бездетным)

['liːvɪrɪt]

זִיקָהf. (זָקַק; cmp. בִּילָה fr. בלל) (tie, chain, 1) obligation, duty. Y.Ter.VI, end, 44b זִיקַת תרומהוכ׳ the obligation to pay Trumah and tithes. Y.Maasr.II, 50a top לא בא לז׳וכ׳ it has not yet come under the obligation of tithes. Treat. Smaḥ. ch. XIII ז׳ שמירתו עליו the duty of watching the corpse rests upon him. Yalk. Gen. 151 חוץ לזיקא הן עומדין (corr. acc.) they are not pledged. 2) legal restriction. Snh.50b זיקת הבעל marital ties, betrothal.Esp. zikah, the interdependence of a childless widow and her late husbands brothers, the levirate relation. Yeb.17b, a. fr. יש ז׳ the relation between a woman and her eventual yabam is a real connection, i. e. carries with it all legal consequences as regards the laws of incest and the right of interference with her vows, אין ז׳ the levirate relation is no marital connection as long as the levirate marriage is not consummated, Ib. III, 9, v. יָבָם. Y. ib. I, 2d; XIII, beg.13d ממאנת … לעקור זיקת המת she may refuse the yabam so as to annul retrospectively the relation between herself and her deceased husband, v. מָאֵן; a. fr.

זִיקָהf. (זָקַק; cmp. בִּילָה fr. בלל) (tie, chain, 1) obligation, duty. Y.Ter.VI, end, 44b זִיקַת תרומהוכ׳ the obligation to pay Trumah and tithes. Y.Maasr.II, 50a top לא בא לז׳וכ׳ it has not yet come under the obligation of tithes. Treat. Smaḥ. ch. XIII ז׳ שמירתו עליו the duty of watching the corpse rests upon him. Yalk. Gen. 151 חוץ לזיקא הן עומדין (corr. acc.) they are not pledged. 2) legal restriction. Snh.50b זיקת הבעל marital ties, betrothal.Esp. zikah, the interdependence of a childless widow and her late husbands brothers, the levirate relation. Yeb.17b, a. fr. יש ז׳ the relation between a woman and her eventual yabam is a real connection, i. e. carries with it all legal consequences as regards the laws of incest and the right of interference with her vows, אין ז׳ the levirate relation is no marital connection as long as the levirate marriage is not consummated, Ib. III, 9, v. יָבָם. Y. ib. I, 2d; XIII, beg.13d ממאנת … לעקור זיקת המת she may refuse the yabam so as to annul retrospectively the relation between herself and her deceased husband, v. מָאֵן; a. fr.

אִיסּוּרII, אִסּוּר m. ( אסר; cmp. b. h. אֵסוּר, a. אֵיסוּר) 1) band, chain; trnsf. social circle. Succ.45b (ref. to Ps. 118:27) כל העושה א׳ לחגוכ׳ he who creates a circle for the festival with eating and drinking, i. e. social pleasures. (Oth. explan.: he who makes an addition to the number of festive days;hence the popular name of אסרו חג for the day following the festivals. 2) prohibition, interdict; also the forbidden object. Y.Ber.I, 3b bot. דברי תורה יש בהן א׳וכ׳ the Biblical law contains prohibitions and permissions.א׳ ערוה an obstacle to marriage by the existing laws of incest, e. g. a man prevented from performing a levirate marriage because his late brothers wife is his own wifes sister; א׳ מצוה a marriage (or sexual connection) permitted in the Torah but forbidden by Rabbinical enactment;so called because obedience to the Rabbis is a meritorious act ( מצוה); א׳ קדושה marriage restrictions incumbent on priests on account of their sacred office; (another opinion inverts the last two definitions). Yeb.II, 3 (20a).אין א׳ חל על א׳ one prohibition can take no legal hold where another prohibition already exists; i. e. you can punish, or impose sacrificial expiation, only for the first one; e. g. if you eat the meat of an unclean animal which, besides, has not been slaughtered according to ritual ( נבלה). Ib. 13b; a. fr.Exceptions to this principle (adopted by most authorities) are when the acceding act is: 1) א׳ כֹּולֵל a more comprehensive prohibition, i. e. having a wider range of prohibited objects; e. g. the law imposing abstinence from food on the Day of Atonement includes food in general, i. e. food otherwise allowed as well as food forbidden at all times; א׳ מֹוסִיף a more extensive prohibition, i. e. having a wider range of persons concerned; e. g. the sister of As wife is forbidden to him ( אחות אשתו) but not to his brothers. If, afterwards, his brother B. marries that sister of A.s wife, she is forbidden in marriage (after B.s death) to all the brothers as a brothers wife, and to A. both as his own living wifes sister and as his late brothers wife ( אשת אח); 3) א׳ בַּת אַתַת a coincidental prohibition, i. e. two prohibitions taking effect at the same moment, e. g. the Day of Atonement coinciding with the Sabbath day, in which case the restrictions connected with each take effect at the same time (night-fall); 4) א׳ תָמוּר a heavier prohibition, i. e. a prohibition imposing larger restrictions, e. g. the law prohibiting any profitable use of thing (א׳ הנאה), compared to the lighter prohibition, א׳ קַל, not to eat or drink a thing (v. infra). Yeb.32b sq; Shebu. 24ab; Ḥull.101a sq; Kerith. 14b.א׳ תורה a Biblical prohibitory law; א׳דרבנן a Rabbinical prohibitory enactment.א׳ לאו a prohibition expressed in the Law by a plain (לֹא) ‘thou shalt not, without defining the penalty, in which case the latter consists of thirty nine lashes (v., מַלְקוּת).א׳ כרת a prohibition to which the Bible attaches the penalty of excision (by the hand of God).א׳ מיתה a prohibition the transgression of which the Bible punishes with death (execution).א׳ אכילה the law not to eat (meat boiled with milk); א׳ הנאה not to make any use (of it, as selling); א׳ בישול not to boil (meat with milk), Ḥull.115b; a. fr.א׳ במות v. בָּמָה.Pl. אִיסּוּרִין. Ḥull.98a sq. כל א׳ שבתורה (בטלין) בששים all things Biblically forbidden are neutralized if mixed with a quantity sixty times as large; ib. במאהin a quantity one hundred times as large; a. fr.

אִיסּוּרII, אִסּוּר m. ( אסר; cmp. b. h. אֵסוּר, a. אֵיסוּר) 1) band, chain; trnsf. social circle. Succ.45b (ref. to Ps. 118:27) כל העושה א׳ לחגוכ׳ he who creates a circle for the festival with eating and drinking, i. e. social pleasures. (Oth. explan.: he who makes an addition to the number of festive days;hence the popular name of אסרו חג for the day following the festivals. 2) prohibition, interdict; also the forbidden object. Y.Ber.I, 3b bot. דברי תורה יש בהן א׳וכ׳ the Biblical law contains prohibitions and permissions.א׳ ערוה an obstacle to marriage by the existing laws of incest, e. g. a man prevented from performing a levirate marriage because his late brothers wife is his own wifes sister; א׳ מצוה a marriage (or sexual connection) permitted in the Torah but forbidden by Rabbinical enactment;so called because obedience to the Rabbis is a meritorious act ( מצוה); א׳ קדושה marriage restrictions incumbent on priests on account of their sacred office; (another opinion inverts the last two definitions). Yeb.II, 3 (20a).אין א׳ חל על א׳ one prohibition can take no legal hold where another prohibition already exists; i. e. you can punish, or impose sacrificial expiation, only for the first one; e. g. if you eat the meat of an unclean animal which, besides, has not been slaughtered according to ritual ( נבלה). Ib. 13b; a. fr.Exceptions to this principle (adopted by most authorities) are when the acceding act is: 1) א׳ כֹּולֵל a more comprehensive prohibition, i. e. having a wider range of prohibited objects; e. g. the law imposing abstinence from food on the Day of Atonement includes food in general, i. e. food otherwise allowed as well as food forbidden at all times; א׳ מֹוסִיף a more extensive prohibition, i. e. having a wider range of persons concerned; e. g. the sister of As wife is forbidden to him ( אחות אשתו) but not to his brothers. If, afterwards, his brother B. marries that sister of A.s wife, she is forbidden in marriage (after B.s death) to all the brothers as a brothers wife, and to A. both as his own living wifes sister and as his late brothers wife ( אשת אח); 3) א׳ בַּת אַתַת a coincidental prohibition, i. e. two prohibitions taking effect at the same moment, e. g. the Day of Atonement coinciding with the Sabbath day, in which case the restrictions connected with each take effect at the same time (night-fall); 4) א׳ תָמוּר a heavier prohibition, i. e. a prohibition imposing larger restrictions, e. g. the law prohibiting any profitable use of thing (א׳ הנאה), compared to the lighter prohibition, א׳ קַל, not to eat or drink a thing (v. infra). Yeb.32b sq; Shebu. 24ab; Ḥull.101a sq; Kerith. 14b.א׳ תורה a Biblical prohibitory law; א׳דרבנן a Rabbinical prohibitory enactment.א׳ לאו a prohibition expressed in the Law by a plain (לֹא) ‘thou shalt not, without defining the penalty, in which case the latter consists of thirty nine lashes (v., מַלְקוּת).א׳ כרת a prohibition to which the Bible attaches the penalty of excision (by the hand of God).א׳ מיתה a prohibition the transgression of which the Bible punishes with death (execution).א׳ אכילה the law not to eat (meat boiled with milk); א׳ הנאה not to make any use (of it, as selling); א׳ בישול not to boil (meat with milk), Ḥull.115b; a. fr.א׳ במות v. בָּמָה.Pl. אִיסּוּרִין. Ḥull.98a sq. כל א׳ שבתורה (בטלין) בששים all things Biblically forbidden are neutralized if mixed with a quantity sixty times as large; ib. במאהin a quantity one hundred times as large; a. fr.

עֶרְוָהf. (b. h.; עָרָה I) nakedness, shame; unchastity, lewdness, obscenity. Cant. R. to I, 2 מה מים מכסים עֶרְוָתוֹ … עֶרְוָתָן as water covers the nakedness of the sea, … so (study of) the Law covers up the nakedness (atones for the sins) of Israel. Ber.24b לבו רואה את הע׳ his heart sees the nakedness, i. e. there is no garment (girdle) separating the upper part of the body from the lower. Ib. 24a, משום ע׳ v. עֲגָבָה. Ib. קול באשה ע׳ hearing a womans voice is indecency (you must not read the Shmʿa while a woman is singing within your heaving); שער באשה ע׳ the sight of womans hair is an impropriety (with regard to reading the Shmʿa). Gitt.IX, 10 לא יגרש … דבר ע׳ a man must not divorce his wife, unless he have found in her something improper (v. Deut. 24:1). Ib. 90a (interpret. ערות דבר, Deut. l. c.) אם נאמר ערות … הייתי אומר משום ע׳ תצא משום דבר לא תצא if the text had ʿervath (meaning ʿervah) without dabar, I might have thought, for scandalous conduct she is to be dismissed, for ‘something (any other cause) she must not be dismissed. Ib. לא מצא בה לא ע׳ ולא דבר if he found in her neither indecency nor any other fault. Ib. 64a a. fr. אין דבר שבע׳ פחות משנים any act in which purity of sexual life is concerned (marriage, divorce) requires no less than two witnesses. Ab. III, 13 שחוק … מרגילין (את האדם) לע׳ merriment and light-mindedness make man familiar with licentiousness; a. v. fr.Esp. incest, trnsf. ʿervah, a woman forbidden to a man ( and vice versa) on account of consanguinity. Yeb.3b מה אחות אשה מיוחדת שהיא ע׳ … אף כל שהיא ע׳וכ׳ as the sister of a mans (living) wife who is singled out (Lev. 18:18) as an ʿervah, with the punishment of extinction in case of wilfulness, and of a sin-offering in case of mistake, may not be taken in a levirate marriage, so no woman that is a forbidden relation … may be taken Ib. 13a צרות ע׳ the rivals of a woman forbidden on account of consanguinity; a. v. fr.Pl. עֲרָיוֹת (fr. עֶרְיָה). Keth.13b, v. אֶפִּיטְרוֹפּוֹס.גילוי ע׳, v. גִּילּוּי. Yeb.I, 2 היתה בתו או אחת מכל הע׳ האלווכ׳ if a mans daughter or any other of those (above mentioned) relations was married to his brother, Ib. 3b כל הע׳ האמורות בתורה all forbidden relations named in the Torah. Ib. I, 3 שש ע׳ חמורות מאלו six relations more rigorously forbidden than these. Meg.IV, 9, v. כָּנָה; a. fr.

עֶרְוָהf. (b. h.; עָרָה I) nakedness, shame; unchastity, lewdness, obscenity. Cant. R. to I, 2 מה מים מכסים עֶרְוָתוֹ … עֶרְוָתָן as water covers the nakedness of the sea, … so (study of) the Law covers up the nakedness (atones for the sins) of Israel. Ber.24b לבו רואה את הע׳ his heart sees the nakedness, i. e. there is no garment (girdle) separating the upper part of the body from the lower. Ib. 24a, משום ע׳ v. עֲגָבָה. Ib. קול באשה ע׳ hearing a womans voice is indecency (you must not read the Shmʿa while a woman is singing within your heaving); שער באשה ע׳ the sight of womans hair is an impropriety (with regard to reading the Shmʿa). Gitt.IX, 10 לא יגרש … דבר ע׳ a man must not divorce his wife, unless he have found in her something improper (v. Deut. 24:1). Ib. 90a (interpret. ערות דבר, Deut. l. c.) אם נאמר ערות … הייתי אומר משום ע׳ תצא משום דבר לא תצא if the text had ʿervath (meaning ʿervah) without dabar, I might have thought, for scandalous conduct she is to be dismissed, for ‘something (any other cause) she must not be dismissed. Ib. לא מצא בה לא ע׳ ולא דבר if he found in her neither indecency nor any other fault. Ib. 64a a. fr. אין דבר שבע׳ פחות משנים any act in which purity of sexual life is concerned (marriage, divorce) requires no less than two witnesses. Ab. III, 13 שחוק … מרגילין (את האדם) לע׳ merriment and light-mindedness make man familiar with licentiousness; a. v. fr.Esp. incest, trnsf. ʿervah, a woman forbidden to a man ( and vice versa) on account of consanguinity. Yeb.3b מה אחות אשה מיוחדת שהיא ע׳ … אף כל שהיא ע׳וכ׳ as the sister of a mans (living) wife who is singled out (Lev. 18:18) as an ʿervah, with the punishment of extinction in case of wilfulness, and of a sin-offering in case of mistake, may not be taken in a levirate marriage, so no woman that is a forbidden relation … may be taken Ib. 13a צרות ע׳ the rivals of a woman forbidden on account of consanguinity; a. v. fr.Pl. עֲרָיוֹת (fr. עֶרְיָה). Keth.13b, v. אֶפִּיטְרוֹפּוֹס.גילוי ע׳, v. גִּילּוּי. Yeb.I, 2 היתה בתו או אחת מכל הע׳ האלווכ׳ if a mans daughter or any other of those (above mentioned) relations was married to his brother, Ib. 3b כל הע׳ האמורות בתורה all forbidden relations named in the Torah. Ib. I, 3 שש ע׳ חמורות מאלו six relations more rigorously forbidden than these. Meg.IV, 9, v. כָּנָה; a. fr.

פָּטַר(b. h.) 1) to break through, open. Bekh.VIII, 1 (46a) (ref. to Ex. 13:2) עד שיִפְטְרוּ רחם מישראל (not שיפטרוה) provided they open the womb when the mother is an Israelite (although she conceived before her conversion); ib. 47a. 2) to send off, discharge, dismiss. Keth.XIII, 5, a. fr. או כנוס או פְּטוֹר (the betrothed has a right to say) either marry or release (me by divorce). Gitt.VI, 5 פִּטְרוּהָ … לא אמר כלום if one says to friends, ‘release her … he has said nothing (they are not authorized to write a letter of divorce, as it might mean, release her of her debts); ib. 65b ר׳ נתן אומר פַּטְּרוּהָ דבריו קיימין פִּיטָרוּהָ לא אמר כלום R. N. says, if he said paṭṭruha (Pi.), his words stand (a divorce is meant), but if he says piṭruha ( Kal) Ib. ר׳ נתן דבבלאה … בין פיטרוה לפטרוהוכ׳ R. N. who is a Babylonian, draws a distinction between piṭruha and paṭṭruha; our Tannai (in the Mishnah) being a Palestinian does not Ib. VIII, 4. פּוֹטֵר … בגט ישן a man may divorce his wife with an old letter of divorce (having been closeted with her after he had written it); Tosef. ib. VIII (VI), 3 אינו פוטרוכ׳ he must not divorce with an old letter, in order that the letter of divorce may not date farther back than (the conception of) her child; a. fr. 3) to dismiss, give leave, let go. Sot.IX, 6 ופְטַרְנוּהוּ בלא מזון and we let him (the stranger) go without provision. Midr. Till. to Ps. 91 מי גרול הפּוֹטֵר או הנִפְטָר which is the superior of the two? he who gives leave, or he who takes leave? Ib. (ref. to Gen. 32:27) הרי יעקב פוטר למלאך behold, Jacob gives leave to the angel; a. fr. 4) (law) to discharge, acquit; (ritual) to exempt from obligation, to declare free from punishment, eventually from sacrificial atonement, opp. חִיֵּיב. Erub.65a יכול אני לִפְטוֹרוכ׳ I can (by my plea) release from judgment the whole world (all Israelites) from the destruction of the Temple to the present time, for we read (Is. 51:21), Hear now this, thou afflicted and drunken (a drunken person is irresponsible); ib. מאי יכולני לפטור נמי מדין תפלה this ‘I can release means also from responsibility for neglect of prayer (the drunken not being permitted to pray). Succ.45b. Sabb.II, 5 ר׳ יוסי פוטר בכלןוכ׳ R. J. declares (him that did it) free from punishment or eventual sacrifice in all those cases, except Ker.IV, 2 ר׳ יהושע פוטר R. J. absolves him from bringing a sin-offering, opp. מחייב חטאת. Snh.V, 5 אם מצאו לו זכות פְּטָרוּהוּ if they found evidence in his favor, they (the court) acquitted him; a. v. fr.Trnsf. to cause exemption; to cover, include. Ber.VI, 5 ברך על היין … פ׳ את הייןוכ׳ if he recited the blessing over wine before the meal, he has therewith exempted the wine offered after the meal (from an additional blessing). Ib. 7 מברך על העיקר ופוטר את הטפלה he says the blessing over the chief dish, and with this he covers that which goes with it (v. טְפֵלָה). Yeb.I, 1 חמש … פּוֹטְרוֹת צרותיהן fifteen women (of various kinship with the yabam, by which he is prevented from marrying any of them) cover their rivals (making them free from dependence on the yabam for marriage or discharge); a. fr.Part. pass. פָּטוּר; f. פְּטוּרָה; pl. פְּטוּרִים, פְּטוּרִין; פְּטוּרוֹת (is, are) exempt, free, opp. חַיָּיב. Peah I, 6 ופ׳ מן המעשרותוכ׳ and he need not give the tithes, until B. Mets.VIII, 1 פ׳ (sub. מלשלם) he is free from indemnity. Ib. VII, 10 מתנה … להיות פ׳ משבועה may have an agreement to be eventually exempt from making oath; להיות פ׳ מלשלם to be exempt from responsibility. Kidd.I, 7 כל מצות הבן על האב … ונשים פ׳ to all paternal duties men are bound, but women (mothers) are exempt from them. Yeb.I, 2 כשם שבתו פ׳ כך צרתה פ׳ as well as his (the yabams) daughter is exempt (from the law of levirate marriage, because the yabam cannot marry her), so her rival is exempt; a. v. fr. Pi. פִּיטֵּר to dismiss; to divorce. Gitt.65b, v. supra. Kidd.31b פַּטְּרוּנִי dismiss (escort) me; a. e. Nif. נִפְטָר, Hithpa. הִתְפַטֵּר 1) to be exempted, freed. Bekh.II, 1 לא נִפְטְרוּ מבכורוכ׳ they (the Levites) have not been exempted from consecrating the firstborn of clean animals, but only from redeeming their firstborn sons and the firstborn of asses; a. e. 2) to be dismissed, take leave, depart. Yoma I, 5 נפטרו והלכו להם they took leave and went. Sot.IX, 5. Ber.64a הנ׳ מחבירווכ׳ he who leaves his friend (after escorting him a distance) must not say, ‘go in peace, but, ‘go to peace; הנ׳ מן המתוכ׳ he who takes leave of the dead (after burial) Ib. 31a; Erub.64a לא יִפָּטֵר אדםוכ׳ one must not leave a friend otherwise than with a word of tradition (on legal or religious subjects), by which he may remember him; a. fr.Esp. to depart this world, to die. Ber.17a גדל בשם טוב ונ׳ בשם טוב מן העולם who grew (lived) with a good name, and left the world with a good name. Tem.16a בשעהשנ׳ משה רבינו לגן עדן when Moses our teacher was to depart for paradise. Gen. R. s. 96; a. fr.Yalk. Koh. 989 בשעה … מִתְפַּטְּרִיםוכ׳ when the children are dismissed from school. Hif. הִפְטִיר 1) to discard; ה׳ בשפה to discard with the lip, to spurn. Pesik. R. s. 37 מחרקין … ומַפְטִירִים בשפתותיהם gnashed their teeth … and spurned with their lips (ref. to Ps. 22:8). Treat. Der. Er. ch. 2 מפְטִירֵי שפה (= מפטירין בשפה). 2) to dismiss, adjourn a meeting. Y.Ber.IV, 7d top הַפְטֵר את העם dismiss the people (adjourn the meeting). M. Kat. 5b, v. בָּכָה. Ḥull.51a מַפְטִיר כנסיות one who dismisses the assemblies, janitor, v. כְּנֶסֶת.Pes.X, 8, v. אֶפִּיקוֹמָן; a. e. 3) ( to recite before dismissal, to conclude the reading from the Law by reading a portion of the Prophets, to read the Hafṭarah (v. הַפְטָרָה). Meg.IV, 1 בשני … ואין מַפְטִירִין בנביא on Mondays, Thursdays and Saturday afternoons three persons read from the Law …, and we do not close with a lesson from the Prophets. Ib. 5 המפטיר בנביא הואוכ׳ he who concludes with the prophetic lesson (being the last of those called up) has the privilege of, v. פָּרַס; a. fr.

פָּטַר(b. h.) 1) to break through, open. Bekh.VIII, 1 (46a) (ref. to Ex. 13:2) עד שיִפְטְרוּ רחם מישראל (not שיפטרוה) provided they open the womb when the mother is an Israelite (although she conceived before her conversion); ib. 47a. 2) to send off, discharge, dismiss. Keth.XIII, 5, a. fr. או כנוס או פְּטוֹר (the betrothed has a right to say) either marry or release (me by divorce). Gitt.VI, 5 פִּטְרוּהָ … לא אמר כלום if one says to friends, ‘release her … he has said nothing (they are not authorized to write a letter of divorce, as it might mean, release her of her debts); ib. 65b ר׳ נתן אומר פַּטְּרוּהָ דבריו קיימין פִּיטָרוּהָ לא אמר כלום R. N. says, if he said paṭṭruha (Pi.), his words stand (a divorce is meant), but if he says piṭruha ( Kal) Ib. ר׳ נתן דבבלאה … בין פיטרוה לפטרוהוכ׳ R. N. who is a Babylonian, draws a distinction between piṭruha and paṭṭruha; our Tannai (in the Mishnah) being a Palestinian does not Ib. VIII, 4. פּוֹטֵר … בגט ישן a man may divorce his wife with an old letter of divorce (having been closeted with her after he had written it); Tosef. ib. VIII (VI), 3 אינו פוטרוכ׳ he must not divorce with an old letter, in order that the letter of divorce may not date farther back than (the conception of) her child; a. fr. 3) to dismiss, give leave, let go. Sot.IX, 6 ופְטַרְנוּהוּ בלא מזון and we let him (the stranger) go without provision. Midr. Till. to Ps. 91 מי גרול הפּוֹטֵר או הנִפְטָר which is the superior of the two? he who gives leave, or he who takes leave? Ib. (ref. to Gen. 32:27) הרי יעקב פוטר למלאך behold, Jacob gives leave to the angel; a. fr. 4) (law) to discharge, acquit; (ritual) to exempt from obligation, to declare free from punishment, eventually from sacrificial atonement, opp. חִיֵּיב. Erub.65a יכול אני לִפְטוֹרוכ׳ I can (by my plea) release from judgment the whole world (all Israelites) from the destruction of the Temple to the present time, for we read (Is. 51:21), Hear now this, thou afflicted and drunken (a drunken person is irresponsible); ib. מאי יכולני לפטור נמי מדין תפלה this ‘I can release means also from responsibility for neglect of prayer (the drunken not being permitted to pray). Succ.45b. Sabb.II, 5 ר׳ יוסי פוטר בכלןוכ׳ R. J. declares (him that did it) free from punishment or eventual sacrifice in all those cases, except Ker.IV, 2 ר׳ יהושע פוטר R. J. absolves him from bringing a sin-offering, opp. מחייב חטאת. Snh.V, 5 אם מצאו לו זכות פְּטָרוּהוּ if they found evidence in his favor, they (the court) acquitted him; a. v. fr.Trnsf. to cause exemption; to cover, include. Ber.VI, 5 ברך על היין … פ׳ את הייןוכ׳ if he recited the blessing over wine before the meal, he has therewith exempted the wine offered after the meal (from an additional blessing). Ib. 7 מברך על העיקר ופוטר את הטפלה he says the blessing over the chief dish, and with this he covers that which goes with it (v. טְפֵלָה). Yeb.I, 1 חמש … פּוֹטְרוֹת צרותיהן fifteen women (of various kinship with the yabam, by which he is prevented from marrying any of them) cover their rivals (making them free from dependence on the yabam for marriage or discharge); a. fr.Part. pass. פָּטוּר; f. פְּטוּרָה; pl. פְּטוּרִים, פְּטוּרִין; פְּטוּרוֹת (is, are) exempt, free, opp. חַיָּיב. Peah I, 6 ופ׳ מן המעשרותוכ׳ and he need not give the tithes, until B. Mets.VIII, 1 פ׳ (sub. מלשלם) he is free from indemnity. Ib. VII, 10 מתנה … להיות פ׳ משבועה may have an agreement to be eventually exempt from making oath; להיות פ׳ מלשלם to be exempt from responsibility. Kidd.I, 7 כל מצות הבן על האב … ונשים פ׳ to all paternal duties men are bound, but women (mothers) are exempt from them. Yeb.I, 2 כשם שבתו פ׳ כך צרתה פ׳ as well as his (the yabams) daughter is exempt (from the law of levirate marriage, because the yabam cannot marry her), so her rival is exempt; a. v. fr. Pi. פִּיטֵּר to dismiss; to divorce. Gitt.65b, v. supra. Kidd.31b פַּטְּרוּנִי dismiss (escort) me; a. e. Nif. נִפְטָר, Hithpa. הִתְפַטֵּר 1) to be exempted, freed. Bekh.II, 1 לא נִפְטְרוּ מבכורוכ׳ they (the Levites) have not been exempted from consecrating the firstborn of clean animals, but only from redeeming their firstborn sons and the firstborn of asses; a. e. 2) to be dismissed, take leave, depart. Yoma I, 5 נפטרו והלכו להם they took leave and went. Sot.IX, 5. Ber.64a הנ׳ מחבירווכ׳ he who leaves his friend (after escorting him a distance) must not say, ‘go in peace, but, ‘go to peace; הנ׳ מן המתוכ׳ he who takes leave of the dead (after burial) Ib. 31a; Erub.64a לא יִפָּטֵר אדםוכ׳ one must not leave a friend otherwise than with a word of tradition (on legal or religious subjects), by which he may remember him; a. fr.Esp. to depart this world, to die. Ber.17a גדל בשם טוב ונ׳ בשם טוב מן העולם who grew (lived) with a good name, and left the world with a good name. Tem.16a בשעהשנ׳ משה רבינו לגן עדן when Moses our teacher was to depart for paradise. Gen. R. s. 96; a. fr.Yalk. Koh. 989 בשעה … מִתְפַּטְּרִיםוכ׳ when the children are dismissed from school. Hif. הִפְטִיר 1) to discard; ה׳ בשפה to discard with the lip, to spurn. Pesik. R. s. 37 מחרקין … ומַפְטִירִים בשפתותיהם gnashed their teeth … and spurned with their lips (ref. to Ps. 22:8). Treat. Der. Er. ch. 2 מפְטִירֵי שפה (= מפטירין בשפה). 2) to dismiss, adjourn a meeting. Y.Ber.IV, 7d top הַפְטֵר את העם dismiss the people (adjourn the meeting). M. Kat. 5b, v. בָּכָה. Ḥull.51a מַפְטִיר כנסיות one who dismisses the assemblies, janitor, v. כְּנֶסֶת.Pes.X, 8, v. אֶפִּיקוֹמָן; a. e. 3) ( to recite before dismissal, to conclude the reading from the Law by reading a portion of the Prophets, to read the Hafṭarah (v. הַפְטָרָה). Meg.IV, 1 בשני … ואין מַפְטִירִין בנביא on Mondays, Thursdays and Saturday afternoons three persons read from the Law …, and we do not close with a lesson from the Prophets. Ib. 5 המפטיר בנביא הואוכ׳ he who concludes with the prophetic lesson (being the last of those called up) has the privilege of, v. פָּרַס; a. fr.

ערי, עָרָהII (b. h.; cmp. עוּר I) to stir up. Hif. הֶעֱרָה 1) to stimulate, esp. to excite the sexual organ by contact (as the first stage of sexual connection), v. הַעֲרָאָה. Ker.II, 4 כל העריות עשה בהן את המַעֲרֶה כגומר in all illicit connections the text makes him who passes through the first stage as punishable as him that finishes. Y.Keth.III, 27d הֶעֱרוּ בה עשרהוכ׳ if ten persons came in carnal contact with her, and one of them consummated. Sot.42b (play on מע̇ר̇ות, 1 Sam. 17:23) שהכל הע̇ר̇ו באמו all the world had taken liberties with his mother; a. fr. 2) to intermix. Y.Yoma V, 42d top (צריך) זקוק להַעְרוֹת he must mix (the blood of the bull with that of the goat), v. Pi. Hof. הוּעֲרָה to be interwoven, entangled, caught. Y.Peah I, 16a bot. בסירה הוּעֲרַת it (the skirt) was caught, v. עָדָה I; ib. הוּעֲרוּ; Y.Sot.I, 17b (also הָעֳרַת). Pi. עֵירָה to intermix (of liquids), pour; to interweave, intertwine. Yoma V, 4 עי׳ דם הפר לתוךוכ׳ he poured the blood of the bullock to that of the goat, and put the full bowl in the empty one; expl. ib. 58a עי׳ מזרק מלאוכ׳ he poured the contents of the filled bowl into the empty bowl … in order to mix them thoroughly. Y. ib. V, 42d top (interch. with בָּלַל a. עָרַב). Y.Maasr.I, end, 49b לעָרוֹתוכ׳ to pour into (interch. with להַעֲרוֹת, Hif.); Y.Sabb.III, 6b. Nidd.X, 6 היתה מְעָרָה מים לפסח was permitted to pour water from vessel to vessel for Passover purposes (to wash the Passover meat without touching the water). Ab. Zar. V, 7 המְעָרֶה מכלי אל כלי if a Jew pours wine from one vessel into another (held by a gentile), את שעי׳ ממנו מותר the wine remaining in the vessel from which he poured is permitted; a. fr.Sifra Kʾdosh., Par. 2, ch. V עי׳ כל הפרשה כולה לכיוכ׳ the writer intended to join the whole paragraph (concerning emancipation) to ‘for she has not been set free (Lev. 19:20), to intimate that emancipation is consummated by a document only; (Gitt.39b אוֹרְעָהוכ׳ (fr. אָרַע I) the whole paragraph has been joined B. Bath. 113b אורעה … להיות דין, v. אָרַע II, a. corr. acc.) Y.Kidd.I, 58d bot. (ref. to Deut. 25:5) ת״ל ויבמה עי׳ הפרשה כולה לייבוםוכ׳ the text says, vyibbmah (‘and thus he shall be her levir); the whole paragraph is connected with yibbum (the word ויבמה), intimating that marital connection only consummates the levirate marriage; Y.Yeb.II, beg.3c עודה (Rabad to Sifra l. c. quotes עורה, corr. acc.). Y.Snh.VII, 24d עֵרָה את כלוכ׳ the whole paragraph depends on the word mother.Part. pass. מְעוּרֶה; f. מְעוּרָה; pl. מְעוּרִים, מְעוּרִין; מְעוּרוֹת intertwined, interwoven; mixed up. Tbul Yom III, 1 אוכל שנפרס ומע׳ מקצת if an eatable part of a fruit is broken off but partly hangs on (is not entirely severed). Ukts. III, 8 יחור של … ומע׳ בקליפה a shoot of a fig tree which is torn off but is still attached to the tree by the rind; Tosef.Kel.B. Kam.I, 13. Yoma 54a הכרובים שהיו מע׳ זה בזה the cherubs (in the Temple) whose bodies were intertwisted with one another. Ib. sq. (expl. כמער איש וליות, 1 Kings 7:36) כאיש המע׳ בלויה שלו like a man embracing his companion (wife). Ḥull.127b ומע׳ בהוט השערה attached by a hairs breadth. Bets.7a; a. fr. Hithpa. הִתְעָרֶה, Nithpa. נִתְעָרֶה to be intertwined, come into intimate contact. Ruth R. to I, 14 (ref. to מערית, v. supra) ממאה … שנִתְעָרוּ בהוכ׳ on one hundred … that were in contact with her the whole night (interch. with נתערבו).